Ammonia nitrogen removal agents play a crucial role in municipal wastewater treatment, effectively addressing one of the most challenging pollutants in urban water systems. These specialized chemicals, including chloramine removers, biological nitrification enhancers, and advanced oxidation catalysts, target ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) through three primary mechanisms: chemical precipitation, biological conversion, and adsorption.
The most widely used ammonia nitrogen removers employ breakpoint chlorination, where chlorine compounds oxidize NH₃-N into harmless nitrogen gas. Modern formulations combine stabilized chlorine derivatives with pH buffers to optimize reaction efficiency while minimizing disinfection byproducts. Biological agents containing nitrifying bacteria cultures accelerate the natural nitrification process, converting ammonia to nitrate through aerobic pathways. Emerging composite agents integrate zeolite adsorption with electrochemical oxidation, achieving >95% removal rates within 2-hour contact times.
In municipal plants, these agents are typically dosed at secondary treatment stages, with dosage algorithms considering influent NH₃-N concentration (typically 15-50 mg/L), temperature, and hydraulic retention time. Smart dosing systems now utilize real-time sensors and predictive algorithms to maintain effluent ammonia below 0.5 mg/L discharge standards. Recent advancements include nano-ceramic supported catalysts that simultaneously remove ammonia and phosphorus, reducing chemical consumption by 40% compared to conventional methods.
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