The oil problem in textile wastewater is usually caused by various chemicals and oils used in the textile processing. These oils may include mineral oils, vegetable oils or synthetic oils used in lubrication, cleaning, shrink-proofing and finishing. Oil pollutants in textile wastewater can have a serious impact on the environment, so appropriate measures must be taken to treat these oily wastewaters.
The oily wastewater in the textile industry mainly comes from the following aspects: Cleaning process: remove natural oils, waxes and other impurities on textile raw materials. Dyeing process: oil substances may be mixed in the dye. Use chemicals such as softeners and waterproofing agents, which may contain oil components. Equipment cooling and lubrication: The cooling system and lubrication system of machinery and equipment may produce oily wastewater. Generally, oily wastewater can be treated by physical, chemical and biological methods. After oil separators or flotation, floating oil and partially suspended oil droplets can be treated. Demulsifiers can be used to treat emulsified oil.
The principle of demulsification of oily wastewater mainly includes the following aspects:
1. Surfactant substitution:
Demulsifier is usually another surfactant, which can be more effectively adsorbed on the surface of oil droplets, replacing the original emulsifier, thereby destroying the hydration film of oil droplets. The molecular structure design of demulsifier enables it to quickly adsorb on the surface of oil droplets, change the surface properties of oil droplets, and make oil droplets easier to aggregate and separate.
2. Adsorption-electric neutralization effect:
Demulsifier can neutralize the charge on the surface of oil droplets, reduce the electrostatic repulsion between oil droplets, and enable oil droplets to approach each other and merge into larger oil droplets, which is convenient for oil-water separation.
3. Reduce interfacial tension:
Demulsifier can significantly reduce the tension of the oil-water interface, which helps to destroy the emulsified state, promote the merging of oil droplets, and accelerate the oil-water separation process.
4. Compression of double electric layer effect:
Adding inorganic salt electrolytes to emulsified wastewater can compress the thickness of the electric layer at the interface between oil particles and water, reduce the charge, and destroy the double electric layer, thereby destabilizing the oil particles, restoring the attraction between oil droplets, and aggregating each other.
5. Flocculation: By adding flocculants, fine liquid droplets can be flocculated, so that the liquid droplets in the dispersed phase are aggregated into loose aggregates. The subsequent agglomeration process will irreversibly aggregate these aggregates into large droplets, which will eventually settle and separate due to the difference in density between oil and water.
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